Antinociceptive local activity of 4-allyl-1-hydroxy2-methoxybenzene (eugenol) by the formalin test: an anti-inflammatory effect

Authors

  • Daniela Elizabeth Lugo-Lugo Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
  • Amaury de Jesús Pozos-Guillén Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Faculty of Dentistry
  • Juan Ramón Zapata-Morales Universidad de Guanajuato
  • Antonio Rodríguez-Chong Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
  • Azahel de Jesús Rangel-López Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
  • María Zenaida Saavedra-Leos Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
  • Angel Antonio Vértiz-Hernández Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7555-8303

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902019000118022

Keywords:

Eugenol/analgesic/anti-inflammatory effect, Diclofenac effect, Antinociception, Formalin test, Pain

Abstract

Eugenol has been employed for decades as a condiment, an antimycotic, an antibacterial, an antiviral, and an antioxidant, and it is one of the natural analgesics most frequently utilized for pain and inflammation. Our objective was to determine the analgesic/anti-inflammatory effect of eugenol compared with diclofenac, naproxen, and tramadol using the formalin test. The formalin method was used in 6- to 10-week-old Wistar rats (weighing 250 g each) divided into six groups: saline (0.9%); formalin (5%); diclofenac (250 µg/kg); naproxen (400 µg/kg); tramadol (500 µg/kg), and eugenol (1,400 µg/kg), in the intraplantar part of the hind-end trunk of the rats, with n = 5 per group. Eugenol diminished 44.4% of nociceptive behavior in phase 1 and 48% in phase 2 (p ≤0.05 vs formalin). Eugenol was shown to be 1.14 times more effective than diclofenac, but 1.62 and 1.75 times less effective than naproxen and tramadol, respectively, in phase 1 and 1.45 times less effective than diclofenac and naproxen and 1.66 less effective than tramadol in phase 2 (p ≤0.05). These data suggest that eugenol possesses moderate activity in the acute pain phase and greater activity in inflammatory-type pain, and both effects are comparable to those produced by diclofenac and are less than the effects produced by naproxen and tramadol in the formalin test.

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Published

2019-12-03

Issue

Section

Original Article

How to Cite

Antinociceptive local activity of 4-allyl-1-hydroxy2-methoxybenzene (eugenol) by the formalin test: an anti-inflammatory effect. (2019). Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 55, e18022. https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902019000118022