Respostas impulsivas do cidadão

Espaços de protesto na cidade e câmaras de eco

Autores

  • Elsa Lankford Towson University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/rm.v20i1.172157

Palavras-chave:

Câmaras de eco, Resposta impulsiva, Espacialização, Paisagem sonora de protesto, Política e som

Resumo

Câmaras de eco são tanto espaços onde os sons refletem até perderem seus limites claros como maneiras pelas quais os cidadãos perdem a perspectiva, até que apenas um ponto de vista é refletido de volta. Câmaras de eco e seus equivalentes têm sido usadas em música há décadas. Em nossos meios de comunicação de massa e mídias sociais, câmaras de eco só recentemente têm ocupado as manchetes, particularmente no que antecedeu e sucedeu a eleição presidencial de 2016 nos Estados Unidos. Essas câmaras de eco físicas e culturais podem ser apreendidas e estudadas, mas e quanto aquelas câmaras de eco encontradas nas paisagens sonoras das ruas das cidades? O processo e criação da Biblioteca de Respostas Impulsivas do Cidadão tem conectado as câmaras de eco da política, democracia, mídias e das ruas da capital estadunidense. Trata-se de uma coleção de arquivos de respostas impulsivas criadas a partir de gravações dos protestos em Washington, D. C. Essa resultante tangível, apesar de conceitual, emergiu da história dos efeitos sônicos espaciais, urbanos e paisagens sonoras democráticas.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Biografia do Autor

  • Elsa Lankford, Towson University

    Elsa Lankford is an Associate Professor who teaches audio production and post-production classes in the EMF department. In addition to teaching and developing EMF and interdisciplinary classes, Elsa advises EMF students and am the faculty advisor of the Towson Audio Production Society (TAPS), the audio club which meets weekly. Elsa is the co-founder and chair for the WAMM Festival (Women And Minority in Media Festival) celebrating diversity in media production which is entering its 6th year. Elsa is an interdisciplinary artist who works in multiple media - sound, music, photography, and writing interested urban issues, particularly Baltimore City. Elsa has written published articles on urban soundscapes, created audio documentaries on urban concerns, such as the Highway to Nowhere in West Baltimore, and have mixed and composed music for films and documentaries. Elsa is currently working on writing and pre-production of her own music to be completed in Spring 2014.

Referências

AELBRECHT, Patricia S. ‘Fourth places’: The contemporary public settings for informal social interaction among strangers. Journal of Urban Design, vol. 21, n. 1, p.124-152, 2016. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2015.1106920

ANDREWS, Robin G. Coronavirus turns urban life’s roar to whisper on world’s seismographs. The New York Times. New York, Apr. 2020. Available at: https://nyti.ms/3aUKgHH. Accessed on 16 Jun 2020.

APUZZO, Matt and Sharon LAFRANIERE. 13 Russians indicted as Mueller reveals effort to aid Trump campaign. The New York Times. New York, Feb. 2018. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/us/politics/russians-indicted-mueller-election-interference.html Accessed on 16 Jun 2020.

BASTOS, Marco et al. The geographic embedding of online echo chambers: Evidence from the Brexit campaign. PLoS ONE, vol. 13, n. 11, p. 1-16, Nov. 2018. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206841

BLESSER, Barry and Linda-Ruth SALTER. Spaces speak, are you listening? Experiencing aural architecture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009.

CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY [echo chamber, def. 2]. (n.d.) Available at: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/echo-chamber

CAN, Arnaud et al. Accounting for the effect of diffuse reflections and fittings within street canyons, on the sound propagation predicted by ray tracing codes. Applied Acoustics, Vol. 96, p. 83-93, Sept. 2015. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2015.03.013.

CHENOWITH, Elizabeth and Jeremy PRESSMAN. This is what we learned by counting the Women’s Marches. Washington Post. Washington DC, Feb. 2017. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/02/07/this-is-what-we-learned-by-counting-the-womens-marches

CHUN, Christian W. Mobilities of a linguistic landscape at Los Angeles City Hall Park. Journal of Language and Politics, Vol. 13, n. 4, p. 653-674, 2014. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.13.4.04chu

COHEN, James N. Exploring echo-systems: how algorithms shape immersive media environments. Journal of Media Literacy Education, Vol. 10, n. 2, p.139-151, 2018.

COUNTLOVE demonstration statistics. Available at: https://countlove.org/statistics.html. Accessed on 16 Jun 2020.

CROWD COUNTING CONSORTIUM. (n.d.) Available at: https://sites.google.com/view/crowdcountingconsortium/home. Accessed on 16 Jun 2020.

DERUTY, Emmanuel. Creative convolution: new sounds from impulse responses. Sound on Sound. Available at: https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/creative-convolution-new-sounds-impulse-responses. Accessed on 16 Jun 2020.

DOYLE, Peter. From ‘My Blue Heaven’ to ‘Race With the Devil’: echo, reverb and (dis)ordered space in early popular music recording. Popular Music, Vol. 23, n. 1, p. 31-49, Jan. 2004. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1017/S0261143004000042

DUBOIS, Elizabeth and Grant BLANK. The echo chamber is overstated: the moderating effect of political interest and diverse media. Information, Communication & Society, Vol. 21, n. 5, p. 729-745, 2018. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1428656.

GOODALE, Greg. The sonorous envelope and political deliberation. Quarterly Journal of Speech, Vol. 99, n. 2, p. 218-224, May 2013. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2013.775702

GOOGLE TRENDS. (n.d.) Retrieved from https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?q=%22echo%20chamber%22%20media&geo=U.S.

GRINSPAN, Jon. How a ragtag band of reformers organized the first protest march on Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Magazine. Washington DC, May 2014. Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/how-ragtag-band-reformers-organized-first-protest-march-washington-dc-180951270/. Accessed on 16 Jun 2020.

HOSKYNS, Teresa. The empty place: democracy and public space. New York: Routledge, 2014.

JACOBS, Jane. The death and life of great American cities. New York: Random House, Modern Library Edition, 1993.

JURKOWITZ, Mark, et. al. U.S. Media polarization and the 2020 election: a nation divided. Pew Research Center, Jan. 2020. Available at: https://www.journalism.org/2020/01/24/u-s-media-polarization-and-the-2020-election-a-nation-divided/. Accessed on 16 Jun 2020.

KANG, Jian. Sound propagation in interconnected urban streets: a parametric study. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design Vol. 28, p. 281-294, 2001. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1068%2Fb2680

KRIEGER, Alex. ‘Deputizing’ the streetscape. Places, Vol. 15, n. 3, p. 66, 2003. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mn6w3zd.

LABELLE, Brandon. Acoustic territories: sound culture and everyday life. New York: Continuum, 2010.

LANKFORD, Elsa. Citizen Impulse Response Sound Collage, 2019. Available at: https://soundcloud.com/bad-crow/citizen-impulse-response-lankford-sound-collage. Accessed on 7 Jul 2020.

MANABE, Noriko. Urban geography, music, and protest. The revolution will not be televised: protest music after Fukushima. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199334681.003.0008

MENG, Qi and Jian KANG. The influence of crowd density on the sound environment of commercial pedestrian streets. Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 511, p. 249-258, 2016. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.060

MARTINEZ, Antonio G. The noisy fallacies of psychographic targeting. Wired, March 2018. Available at: https://www.wired.com/story/the-noisy-fallacies-of-psychographic-targeting/. Accessed on 16 Jun 2020.

MITCHELL, Amy et. al. Political polarization and media habits: Pew Research Center, Oct. 2014. Available at: http://www.journalism.org/2014/10/21/political-polarization-media-habits/. Accessed on 16 Jun 2020.

OED ONLINE [convolve, def. 1 and 2]. (2018) Oxford English Dictionary. Available at: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/convolve

ONAGA, Hiroshi and Jens H. RINDEL. Acoustic characteristics of urban streets in relation to scattering caused by building facades. Applied Acoustics, Vol. 68, p. 310-325, 2007. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2006.01.010

PAIT, Heloisa and Juliana LAET. Media epiphanies: selvies and silences in São Paulo street protests. in L. Robinson, et al. (Eds) Brazil: Media from the country of the future (pp. 231-257) Emerald Publishing Limited, 2017. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1108/S2050-206020170000013018

PARKINSON, John R. Democracy & public space: the physical sites of democratic performance. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.

PICAUT, Judicael, et al. Experimental study of sound propagation in a street. Applied Acoustics, Vol. 66, p. 149-173, 2005. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2004.07.014

PRESLEY, Rachel and Jason CRANE. Sonic colonizations, sound coalitions: analyzing the aural landscape of Standing Rock’s No-DAPL movement. Argumentation and Advocacy, Vol. 54, n. 4, p. 305-322, 2018. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1080/10511431.2018.1509595

SAKAKEENY, Matt. ‘Under the bridge’: An orientation to soundscapes in New Orleans. Ethnomusicology, Vol. 54, n.1, p. 1-27, 2010. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.5406/ethnomusicology.54.1.0001

SHAFER, Jack and Tucker DOHERTY. The media bubble is worse than you think. Politico, May 2017, Available at: https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/04/25/media-bubble-real-journalism-jobs-east-coast-215048. Accessed on 16 Jun 2020.

STERNE, Jonathan. Space within space: artificial reverb and the detachable echo. Grey Room, n. 60, 110-131, 2015. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1162/GREY_a_00177

STEVENS, Quentin. The shape of urban experience: a reevaluation of Lynch’s five elements. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Vol. 33, p. 803-823, 2006. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1068/b32043

VÄLIMÄKI, V. et al. Fifty years of artificial reverberation. IEEE transactions on audio, speech, and language processing, Vol. 20, n. 5, p. 1421-1448, Jul. 2012. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1109/TASL.2012.2189567

VALLEE, Mickey. The rhythm of echoes and echoes of violence. Theory, Culture & Society, Vol. 34, n. 1, p. 97-114, 2017. doi: http://www.doi.org/10.1177/0263276416648466

Downloads

Publicado

2020-07-09

Como Citar

Respostas impulsivas do cidadão: Espaços de protesto na cidade e câmaras de eco. (2020). Revista Música, 20(1), 433-452. https://doi.org/10.11606/rm.v20i1.172157