Invisible beings: an overview of people with disabilities’ circumstances in Japan

Authors

  • Beatriz Kaori Miyakoshi Lopes Universidade de São Paulo
  • Alexandre Ratsuo Uehara Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/ej.vi44.185995

Keywords:

Disability, Japan, Human rights, Minorities, Paralympics

Abstract

Despite the fact that Japan ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2014 and that Tokyo will be the first city in the world to host the Paralympic Games more than once, people with disabilities are usually segregated from society and regarded as invisible. This separation process starts at childhood and lingers throughout their lives. This work aims to outline an overview of their living conditions, the main laws and recent events.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Beatriz Kaori Miyakoshi Lopes, Universidade de São Paulo

    Mestranda no Programa de Língua, Literatura e Cultura Japonesa da Universidade de São Paulo; biakaori@usp.br.

  • Alexandre Ratsuo Uehara, Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing

    Professor da Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing; Doutor em Ciências Políticas pela Universidade de São Paulo; aruehara@usp.br.

References

ADAMS, Rachel. Why has Japan’s massacre of disabled people gone unnoticed? The Independent, 2016. Disponível em: https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/japan-disability-rights-massacre-tsukui-yamayuriena-gone-unnoticed-a7217661.html. Acesso em: 02 set. 2018.

ASAHI SHIMBUN. Defend eugenics program with the Constitution, court tells state. Tokyo, 2018a. Disponível em: http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201806140059.html. Acesso em: 8 out. 2018.

ASAHI SHIMBUN. Ministries may have skirted disability hiring for many years. Tokyo, 2018b. Disponível em: http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201808180031.html. Acesso em: 19 mar. 2019.

BLAUWET, Cheri. Promoting the Health and Human Rights of Individuals with a Disability through the Paralympic Movement. Bonn: International Paralympic Committee, 2005. Disponível em: https://www.sportanddev.org/sites/default/files/downloads/62__the_paralympics___promoting_health_and_human_rights_through_sport.pdf. Acesso em: 13 ago. 2020.

BRASOR, Philip. Accommodating disabilities, but only within reason. Tokyo: Japan Times, 2016. Disponível em: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/04/16/national/media-national/accommodating-disabilities-within-reason/. Acesso em: 04 set. 2018.

CABINET OFFICE. Annual Report on Government Measures for Persons with Disabilities (Summary). 2015. Disponível em: https://www8.cao.go.jp/shougai/english/annualreport/2015/index-pdf.html. Acesso em: 11 ago. 2020.

CABINET OFFICE. The Basic Law for Persons with Disabilities. 2011. Disponível em: https://www8.cao.go.jp/shougai/english/law/no84.html. Acesso em: 11 ago. 2020.

CARVALHO, Lucio; ALMEIDA, Patricia. Direitos Humanos e Pessoas com Deficiência: da exclusão à inclusão. Da proteção à promoção. Revista Internacional de Direito e Cidadania, n.12, 2012. Disponível em: https://www.inclusive.org.br/arquivos/30688. Acesso em: 22 ago. 2020.

CRAVEN, Philip. The Paralympic Games and the Promotion of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. UN Chronicle, v.LIII, n.2, 2016. Disponível em: https://unchronicle.un.org/article/paralympic-games-and-promotion-rights-persons-disabilities. Acesso em: 12 ago. 2020.

DISABLED WORLD. Disability in Japan. 2010. Disponível em: https://www.disabled-world.com/news/asia/japan.php. Acesso em: out. 2018.

FRENCH, Sally. Disability, impairment, or something in between?. In: SWAIN, John; FINKELSTEIN, Vic; FRENCH, Sally; OLIVER, Mike (eds). Disabling Barriers – EnablingEnvironments. Londres: Sage, 1993, p.17-25.

HA, Kwiyeon; SIEG, Linda. Japan confronts disability stigma after silence over murder victims’ names. Reuters, 2016. Disponível em: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan--disabled-idUSKCN11M0AM. Acesso em: 15 out. 2018.

HASEGAWA, Tamako. Reasonable Accommodation for Persons with Disabilities in Japan. Japan Labor Review, v12, n.1, 2015.

HERNON, Matthew. Why is Japan still biased against people with disabilities. Tokyo Weekender, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.tokyoweekender.com/2017/02/why-is-japan-still-biased-against-people-with-disabilities/. Acesso em: 22 set. 2018.

HEYER, Katharina. Between equality and difference: the politics of disability in Japan. Contemporary Japan, v.1, p.105-133, 2000.

HEYER, Katharina. From special needs to equal rights: Japanese disability law. Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal, 2000. Disponível em: http://blog.hawaii.edu/aplpj/files/2011/11/APLPJ_01.1_heyer.pdf. Acesso em: 16 jun. 2020.

HURST, Daniel. ‘They stole my life away’: women forcibly sterilised by Japan speak out. The Guardian, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/04/they-stole-my-life-away-women-forcibly-sterilised-by-japan-speak-out. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2020.

INAGAKI, Kana. Japan companies in ‘hiring war’ to hit disability targets. Financial Times, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.ft.com/content/44cac7dc-3be5-11e8-bcc8-cebcb81f1f90. Acesso em: 19 jan. 2020.

ITAYAMA, Kenji. Outlook on Changes in the Social Welfare System in Japan: Key Points of Its Basic Structural Reform. Asia and Pacific Journal on Disability, v.2, 1999. Disponível em: https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/resource/z00ap/004/z00ap00411.html. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2020.

KATSUI, Hisayo. Mainstreaming Disability Issues in Japanese and Finnish Development Policies and Practices. Helsinki University: Institute of Development Studies, 2008. Disponível em: https://www.sylff.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/mainstreaming_katsui_hisayo.pdf. Acesso em: 21 abr. 2020.

KRISTOF, Nicholas. Outcast Status Worsens Pain of Japan’s Disabled. The New York Times, 1996. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/07/world/outcast-status-worsens--pain-of-japan-s-disabled.html. Acesso em: 14 ago. 2020.

KRUG, Etienne. International paralympic symposium on disability rights. World Health Organization, 17 September 2004. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/media/17_09_2004_speech/en/. Acesso em: 22 ago. 2020.

KUDO, Tokai. Japan’s Employment Rate of Persons with Disabilities and Outcome of Employment Quota System. Japan Labor Review, v.7, n.2, 2010. Disponível em: https://www.jil.go.jp/english/JLR/documents/2010/JLR26_kudo.pdf. Acesso em: 14 ago. 2020.

LEE, Jennifer; WHITE, Shirley. Economic Sufficiency of Women with Disability. Asia and Pacific Journal on Disability, v.3, 1998. Disponível em: https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/resource/z00ap/003/z00ap00305.html. Acesso em: 20 jul. 2020.

LO, Vai Io. Promotion of the employment of persons with disabilities in Japan, the United States, and China: carrot, stick or both? Arizona Journal of International & Comparative Law, v.29, n.3, p.557-602, 2012.

MACKAY, Duncan. Major initiative launched to help Japanese athletes prepare for Tokyo 2020 Paralympics. Inside the games, 2015. Disponível em: https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1028374/major-initiative-launched-to-help-japanese-athletes-prepare-for-tokyo--2020-paralympics. Acesso em: 15 ago. 2020.

MAIOR, Izabel. História, conceitos e tipos de deficiência. Gov. SP, 2016. Disponível em: http://violenciaedeficiencia.sedpcd.sp.gov.br/pdf/textosApoio/Texto1.pdf. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2020.

MATSUI, Akihiko. Disability and Economy in Japan. University of Tokyo, 2009. Disponível em: http://www.rease.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/read/en/archive/dp/f09/f0911.pdf. Acesso em: 17 mai. 2020.

McCURRY, Justin. Japanese woman sues government over forced sterilisation. The Guardian, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/30/japanese-woman--sues-government-forced-sterilisation. Acesso em: 22 jun. 2020.

MITHOUT, Anne-Lise. Children with disabilities in the Japanese school system: a path toward social integration? Contemporary Japan, v.28, p.165-184, 2016.

MORI, Yuko; SAKAMOTO, Norihito. Economic consequences of employment quota system for disabled people: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design in Japan. Journal of The Japanese and International Economies, v.28, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889158317300035. Acesso em: 11 ago. 2020.

NAGASE, Osamu. Challenges of the Harmonization and Ratification of Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities by Japan. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, v.10, n2, p.93-95, 2013.

NAKAGAWA, Jun; BLANCK, Peter. Future of Disability Law in Japan: Employment and Accommodation. Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2010. Disponível em: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1662&context=ilr. Acesso em: 14 abr. 2020.

OI, Tatsuo. Statistics on disabled People in Japan. Aino Journal, v.8, p.3-10, 2009.

OKUNO, Eiko. Disability Statistics in Japan. Asia and Pacific Journal on Disability, v.3, 1998. Disponível em: https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/resource/z00ap/003/z00ap00309.html. Acesso em: 16 jun. 2020.

O’REILLY, Sean. “Disarmed”: Disability, Trauma, and Emasculation in Contemporary Japanese Cinema. Arts, v.7, art.10, 2018.

OTAKE, Tomoko. Is ‘disability’ still a dirty word in Japan? Japan Times, The. 2006. Disponível em: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2006/08/27/to-be-sorted/is-disability-still-a-dirty--word-in-japan/#.UyFLy-eSyzc. Acesso em: 10 nov. 2019.

PECKITT, Michael. Disability in Japan – A year in review: 2016. Accessible Japan, 2016. Disponível em: https://www.accessible-japan.com/disability-japan-year-in-review-2016/. Acesso em: 14 abr. 2020.

PENKETH, Anne; CONNOLLY, Kate; KIRCHGAESSNER, Stephanie, McDONALD, Henry; McCURRY, Justin; CROUCH, David; WALKER, Shaun; SMITH, David; O’HARA, Mary e BAWDEN, Anna. Which are the best countries in the world to live in if you are unemployed or disabled? The Guardian, 2015. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/apr/15/which-best-countries-live-unemployed-disabled-benefits. Acesso em: 21 abr. 2020.

RAJNES, David. Permanent Disability Social Insurance Programs in Japan. Social Security Bulletin, v.70, n.1, 2010.

SHIRASAWA, Mayumi. The Long Road to Disability Rights in Japan. Nippon.com, 2014. Disponível em: https://www.nippon.com/en/currents/d00133/the-long-road-to-disability--rights-in-japan.html. Acesso em: 10 mar. 2020.

SIM, Walter. Inflated number of staff with disabilities at Japan ministries. The Straits Times, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/inflated-number-of-staff-with-disabilities-at-japan-ministries. Acesso em: 19 maio 2020.

SIRIPALA, Thinsaka. Japan’s Government Investigated for Cheating Disability Hiring Quotas. The Diplomat, 2018. Disponível em: https://thediplomat.com/2018/08/japans--government-investigated-for-cheating-disability-hiring-quotas/. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2020.

STIBBE, Arran. Attitudes to Women with Disabilities in Japan: The Influence of Television Drama. Asia and Pacific Journal on Disability, v.5, 2002. Disponível em: https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/resource/z00ap/vol5no2/attitudes.html. Acesso em: 9 mar. 2019.

STIBBE, Arran. Disability, gender and power in Japanese television drama. Japan Forum, v.16, p.21-36. Disponível em: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0955580032000189311. Acesso em: 20 mar. 2020.

SUGIMOTO, Kiyoe. Byūtifuru raifu wa bariafurī de. Sanseiken Forum 49, 2001. Disponível em: www.sanseiken.com/forum/40/49-otoko.html. Acessado por Stibbe (2004) em 2002.

SUZUKI, Tsunehiko. Disability Evaluation in Japan. The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences, v. 24, p. 227-231, 2009.

TACHIBANA, Toshiaki; WATANABE, Kanji. Attitudes of Japanese Adults toward Persons with Intellectual Disability: Relationship between Attitudes and Demographic Variables. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, v.39, p.109-126, 2004.

TAGAKI, Masakuni. Narratives of Ambivalent Meanings of Acquired Physical Disability in Japan. SAGE Open, 2016. Disponível em: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244016666310. Acesso em: 24 jun. 2020.

TAKAHASHI, Koji. The Future of the Japanese-style Employment System: Continued Long--term Employment and the Challenges It Faces. Japan Labor Issues. 4-5. v.2, n.6, 2018.

VAN DER VEERE, Anoma. The Tokyo Paralympic Superhero: Manga and Narratives of Disability in Japan. The Asia-Pacific Journal, v.18, n.5, 2020. Disponível em: https://apjjf.org/-Anoma-van-der-Veere/5373/article.pdf. Acesso em: 16 ago. 2020.

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. World Report on Disability: Summary. Geneva, p.8-10, 2011. Disponível em: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44575. Acesso em: 14 mar. 2020.

Published

2021-05-28

Issue

Section

Papers

How to Cite

Invisible beings: an overview of people with disabilities’ circumstances in Japan. (2021). Estudos Japoneses, 44, 51-63. https://doi.org/10.11606/ej.vi44.185995