Dynamic Movement Assessment y Functional Movement Screen para la predicción de la lesión: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/17004225032018Palabras clave:
Transtornos de Traumas Acumulados, Traumatismos en Atletas, MovimientoResumen
Evaluación Dinámica del Movimiento™ (DMA™) y Detección del Movimiento Funcional ™ (FMS™) son herramientas para predecir el riesgo de lesiones musculoesqueléticas en individuos que practican actividades físicas. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo evaluar la asociación de DMA™ y FMS™ con el riesgo de lesiones musculoesqueléticas en diferentes actividades físicas y categorizarlas por análisis. En noviembre de 2016 se llevó a cabo una investigación sin filtros de idioma o de tiempo en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Google Scholar, SciELO, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL y BVS, utilizando las palabras clave: predicción de lesiones, riesgo de lesiones, sensibilidad, especificidad, detección del movimiento funcional y evaluación dinámica de movimientos. Se incluyeron estudios prospectivos que analizaron la asociación entre DMA™ y FMS™ con el riesgo de lesiones musculoesqueléticas en actividades físicas. Los datos extraídos de los estudios fueron: perfil del participante, tamaño de la muestra, criterios de clasificación de la lesión, tiempo de seguimiento y los resultados presentados, subdivididos por el tipo de análisis estadístico. El riesgo de sesgo se realizó con la Escala Newcastle-Ottawa para estudios de cohorte. No se encontró ningún estudio con DMA™. Se incluyeron un total de 20 estudios FMS™ que analizaron uno o más de los siguientes indicadores: precisión diagnóstica (VPP, VPN y ABC), odds ratios (OR) o riesgo relativo (RR). FMS™ mostró una sensibilidad = del 12 al 99%; especificidad = del 38 al 97%; VPP = del 25 al 91%; VPN = del 28 al 85%; ABC = 0,42 a 0,68; OR = 0,53 a 54,5; y RR = 0,16-5,44. El FMS™ ha demostrado ser un predictor de lesiones musculoesqueléticas. Sin embargo, debido a limitaciones metodológicas, se debe evitar su uso indiscriminado.
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