Temperatures Standards Changes in São Paulo State/Brazil in the Last 50 Years

Abstract

One the most themes relevant discussed currently is the variability question and climate change. Several researches indicate that world temperatures have increased substantially, in the last years, especially due to factors as land use and occupation and different forms of pollution. Based on this discussion, the objective this article is present some data from this society-nature relation taking as analytical bias the variability and increases the temperatures in fourteen small and medium-sized cities de São Paulo State. By means of comparative techniques between the last climatological normal (1961 – 1990) and recent period (1991 – 2011), and statistical techniques (Cluster analysis), were identified the principal seasons and decades with of the greatest increases in maximum and minimum temperatures and too spatial similarities and discrepancies across the state. The results indicate increase in temperature of São Paulo State was more expressive for the minimum temperature, when compared to the maximum temperatures. That increases occurred especially during the spring, for the maxims, and summer for the minimums. It was verified that one gradual increase of the temperatures, during the analyzed period. Between 1960s and 1980s occurred predominantly milder temperatures, while in the 1990s and 2000s was the most hottest years, with averages increases of the 2,3°C for the Votuporanga city, for the maximum temperatures and 1,8°C and 1,6°C for the minimum temperatures in Santos and Presidente Prudente cities, respectively.