Conservation of the Amazonian Aquatic Biota

Abstract

In the Amazonian waters there are about three thousand known species of fish alongside several other aquatic species, including aquatic mammals such as manatees. It is possible that many species are yet to be described by science. The fish in this region face extreme natural conditions in their environments, such as low levels of oxygen, acidic and poor water in ions, high temperatures, intense droughts and floods. Global climate change is further exacerbating these environmental challenges. In addition, manmade environmental changes involving organic and inorganic pollutants are occurring in many parts of the region. These environmental conditions pose challenges for all fish species that exhibit adjustments at all levels of the biological organization. Knowing the adaptive capacity of these animals allows the design of aquatic biota conservation strategies, as well as more appropriate environmental interventions. Finally, it is fundamental to consider the importance of aquatic biota for the full implementation of the objectives of sustainable development in the Amazon.