Neuromuscular complications by COVID-19: a systematic literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v101i1e-192193Keywords:
Covid-19, Neuromuscular diseases, Systematic reviewAbstract
Introduction: Coronaviruses are zoonotic RNA viruses, and are also a family of viruses that cause respiratory infections. One of the known types is SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus described in late 2019, responsible for causing the COVID-19. Besides the respiratory tract, such pathology can affect several organ systems and among these, the neuromuscular system has been pointed out as a target of SARS-CoV-2. Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between COVID-19 and the emergence of neuromuscular diseases. Methodology: Systematic review using the PRISMA method, with data collection carried out in PubMed and BVS, verifying the relationship between COVID-19 and the emergence or intensification of neuromuscular diseases. The collected articles were published between January 2020 and March 2021. A total of 1366 articles were found and 56 were approved for the systematic review. Results: 56 studies pointed out a link between COVID-19 and the development of neuromuscular pathologies, highlighting: Guillain-Barré syndrome and its variations (n=37), Gravis myasthenia (n=4), Myelitis (n=2). Discussion: Regarding Guillain-Barré Syndrome and its association with COVID-19, it was observed that the main neuromuscular signs and symptoms reported were: quantitative reflex deficits (hyporeflexia or arreflexia), paresthesia, paralysis, decreased muscle strength, numbness and tingling. Therefore, it was noted that there are several relationships between COVID-19 and the development of neuromuscular diseases or syndromes. Conclusion: It is possible to see that there is strong evidence of a relationship between the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the emergence of neuromuscular syndromes, with Guillain-Barré Syndrome being the most reported dysfunction in different locations around the world. In this sense, it is interesting the development of research with a larger sample size, as well as the need to understand the mechanism of viral action on the nervous system in order to obtain more efficient treatments for these clinical pictures.
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