The miseries of the needle of the cooperative Cinéma du Peuple
a feminist movie in the early cinema
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-7114.sig.2019.147866Keywords:
early cinema, cinéma du peuple, feminismAbstract
This article aims to analyze the first film produced by Cinéma du Peuple in France, in January 1914, entitled Les Misères de l’Aiguille (Miseries of the Needle). The film was frankly oriented to show the problems of the urban women in French working-class. The film analysis revealed us not only a whole different way of showing women with a feminist motivation, but also a new representation of the female, even by the working-class movement in the early 20th century in France, as we can see by comparing caricatures, draws and pictures produced by militant press and artists.
Downloads
References
AGULHON, M. Un usage de la femme au XIXe siècle: l’allégorie de la République. Mythes et représentation de la femmeau. Romantisme, Paris, n. 13-14, p. 143-152, 1976. doi: 10.3406/roman.1976.5059.
CAZALS, P. Musidora: la dixième muse. Paris: Éditions Henri Veyrier, 1978.
CHENUT, H. Anti-feminist caricature in France: politics, satire and public opinion, 1890-1914. Modern & Contemporary France, London, v. 20, n. 4, 2012. doi: 10.1080/09639489.2012.720433.
DARDEL, A. Catalogue des dessins et publications illustrées du Journal Anarchiste «Les Temps Nouveaux» 1895-1914. Dissertation (PhD in Art History). Université de Paris IV, Paris, 1980.
DAVRANCHE, G. Trop jeunes pour mourir: ouvriers et révolutionnaires face à la Guerre (1909-1914). Aulnay-sous-Bois: L’Insomniaque/Libertalia, 2014.
GOLIOT-LÉTÉ, A.; VANOYE, F. Précis d’analyse filmique. 3. ed. Paris: Armand Colin, 2012.
GUERRA, A. Algo sobre la cooperativa UCCE. Armand Guerra, Popular Film, Espanha, 1935.
JULLIER, L.; MARIE, M. Lendo as imagens do cinema. São Paulo: Editora Senac, 2009.
LACASSIN, F. Musidora – anthologie du cinéma nº 59. Paris: L’avant Scène du cinéma, 1970.
MARINONE, I. Cinema e anarquia: uma história “obscura” do cinema na França (1895-1935). Translation: Adilson Inácio Mendes, Carlos Roberto de Souza, Fernanda Murad, Flávia Lago. Rio de Janeiro: Azougue, 2009.
MARUANI, M.; MERON, M. Un siècle de travail des femmes en France (1901-2011). Paris: La Découverte, 2012.
MEUSY, J-J. Paris-Palaces ou le temps des cinémas (1894-1918). Paris: CNRS, 2002.
MOREL, J-J. Lucien Descaves: pour le «Cinéma du Peuple». 1895. Mille huit cent quatre-vingt quinze, Paris, v. 64, 2011. doi: 10.4000/1895.4394.
MUNDIM, L. F. O público organizado para a luta: o Cinema do Povo na França e a resistência do movimento operário ao cinema comercial (1895-1914). PhD thesis. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/Université Paris 1 Sorbonne, Porto Alegre, 2016, 290 f.
PERROT, M. Os excluídos da história: operários, mulheres e prisioneiros. Translation: Denise Bottmann. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1988.
PROST, A. Si nous vivions en 1913. Paris: Grasset, 2014.
RIOT-SARCEY, M. Les femmes et la gauche en France: entre discours émancipateurs et pratiques de domination. In: BECKER, J-J. et al. Histoire des gauches en France. Paris: La Découverte, 2005.
VIVIANI, R. et al. Cinquante-ans de féminisme: 1870-1920. Paris: Edition de la Ligue Française pour le Droit des Femmes, 1921.
ZYLBERBERG-HOCQUARD, M. Féminisme et syndicalisme en France. Paris: Anthropos, 1978.
ZYLBERBERG-HOCQUARD, M. Femmes et féminisme dans le mouvement ouvrier français. Paris: Editions ouvrières. 1981.
Examined Archives
ARCHIVES NATIONALES. Pierrefite-sur-Seine. France. Series F/7 Police Générale.
BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE DE FRANCE. Sites François Miterrand and Richelieu. Paris, France.
CENTRE D’ÉTUDES, DE DOCUMENTATION, D’INFORMATION ET D’ACTION SOCIALES. CEDIAS Musée Social. Paris, France.
Examined Newspapers
La Bataille Syndicaliste, Paris, 1913-1914.
Le Libertaire, Paris, 1913-1914.
Les Temps Nouveaux, Paris, 1913-1914.
Audiovisual References
L’HIVER! Plaisirs des riches! Souffrances des pauvres! (The winter! Pleasures for the Rich, Suffering of the poor!). Paris: Cinema of the People, 1914.
LA COMMUNE (The Commune). Armand Guerra. Paris: Cinema of the People, 1914.
LA SOURIANTE Madame Beudet (The Smiling Madame Beudet). Germaine Dulac. Paris: Colisée Films, 1922.
LE VIEUX docker (The Old Docker). Armand Guerra. Paris: Cinema of the People, 1914.
LES MISÈRES de l’aiguille (Miseries of the Needle). Raphaël Clamour. Paris: Cinema of the People, 13 minutes, 1914.
LES OBSÈQUES du citoyen Francis de Pressensé (The Funeral of Citizen Francis de Pressensé). Paris: Cinema of the People, 1914.
VICTIME des exploiteurs (Victims of Exploitation). Paris: Cinema of the People, 1914.
Illustrations
ANGRAND, C. Untitled (one mother and two children). Les Temps Nouveaux, Paris, June 27. 1914.
BRADBERRY, G. Dis leur qu’ils ne tuent pas les papas dans les grèves. Les Temps Nouveaux, Paris, May 5, 1906.
DELANNOY. La Dernière Bonne. Les Temps Nouveaux, Paris, May 11, 1907.
NAUDIN, B. “Dessin composé par Bernard NAUDIN, pour le programme de nos représentations des ‘Tisserands’”. Les Temps Nouveaux, Paris, March 14. 1914.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Luiz Felipe Cezar Mundim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal must agree with the following terms:
- Authors keep their copyrights and grant the journal first time publication rights, having their articles simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows sharing texts with authorship recognition and first publication on this journal for non-commercial purposes.
- Authors are allowed to make additional contracts, for a non-exclusive distribution of the article’s version published on this journal (e.g.: publishing in institutional repositories of articles or as a book chapter), with authorship recognition and first publication on this journal.