Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Facial Aging: an Integrative Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/e21008423ptKeywords:
Neuromuscular Electrostimulation, Muscle Training, Skin Aging, Physical TherapyAbstract
Although a natural physiological process, aging is
considered a degenerative process with evident effects on
the aging skin, such as reduced elasticity, wrinkles, reduced
facial fat and muscle tone, sagging, changes in facial contour,
and sarcopenia on the face. These changes can generate
social stigma, suffering, and psychological discomfort for the
patient. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness
of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES), a technique
used in physical therapy for muscle training, in attenuating
the signs of facial aging. For this purpose, a scientific survey
of publications indexed on the Medline (PubMed), CINAHL,
Embase, PEDro, Lilacs, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science,
and Google Scholar databases was conducted and, based on
pre-established criteria, two relevant publications for the topic
were selected for discussion. The scientific literature regarding
the use of NMES to attenuate the signs of aging is still very
scarce. The survey showed the need to discuss the current
state of knowledge. Our results suggest that, theoretically,
NMES could be a promising method to attenuate the signs of
aging; however, there are still no conclusive results regarding the clinical effectiveness of using NMES in the facial muscles since few
studies relate NMES to facial rejuvenation. More studies are needed,
with greater methodological rigor and low level of bias, using precise
techniques in the evaluation and allowing to interpret with greater
scientific commitment the physiological mechanism of the muscular
stimulus and its interrelation with the integumentary system, proving
its effectiveness in the improvement of skin appearance
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