Mortality due to traffic accidents, before and after the reduction of the average speed of motor vehicles in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2010 to 2016

Authors

  • Pablo de Almeida Leitão Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil
  • Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil/ Escola de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitoria
  • Edige Felipe de Sousa Santos Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil/ Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo
  • Silmara de Lira Ribeiro Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil
  • Jéssica Miwa Takasu Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil
  • Juliana Spat Carlesso Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil
  • Marcelo Ferraz Campos Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil
  • Luiz Carlos de Abreu Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.157755

Keywords:

accidents traffic, mortality, underlying cause of death, motor vehicles, epidemiology

Abstract

Introduction: Traffic accidents represent a relevant global public health problem and are associated with behavioral factors, vehicle maintenance, urban space precariousness and traffic surveillance. They are important causes of morbidity and mortality due to the increasing number of vehicles and changes in lifestyle and risk behaviors in the general population.

Objective: To analyze mortality numbers due to land transport accidents reported in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, before and after the decline of average speed of motor vehicles.

Methods: A study of temporal series was carried out using official database provided by the Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. Data was collected according to the type of occurrence and place of residence in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Other sources of data were Death Certificates. Population data was collected by the foundation SEADE for the other years used, and data from 2010 was collected by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística do Brasil (IBGE), the Brazilian institute of geography and statistics. More death data has been collected using the tenth review of the WHO International Classification of Diseases (V00- V89) for overall population and were stratified in age groups (<10 years, 10-19 years, 20-49 years, 50 years and more), city (São Paulo) and the year timetable (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016). The data was calculated based on plain death rate and standardized, for gender and age group. The measures of mortality were used for the construction of temporal series by the regression model of Prais-Winsten. All the analysis were made through the statistics program Stata 14.0.

Results: Reportedly, 7288 deaths occurred due to land accidents in São Paulo, the state’s capital, between 2010 and 2016. The higher proportion of deaths happened between men with age between 20-49 years, brownish skin color, marital status single, between 4 e 7 years of study. 72.55% of deaths happened within of hospitals and/or other health establishments. The deaths ranged 1.200 in 2010 and went down to 779 in 2016. The standard mortality for transport accidents between 2010 and 2016 fluctuated from 10.04 to 6.29 for every 100 thousand inhabitants.

Conclusion: There was a decrease in deaths related to traffic accidents in individuals over 20 years of age. After the reduction of the average speed of motor vehicles in the city of São Paulo, the decline in mortality due to traffic accidents was more pronounced among individuals aged 50 years or older, with significant differences for men and women.

Author Biographies

  • Pablo de Almeida Leitão, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil

    Laboratório de Delineamento de Estudos e Escrita Científica

  • Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil/ Escola de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitoria

    Laboratório de Delineamento de Estudos e Escrita Científica

    Programa de Pós-graduação em Serviço Social

     

  • Edige Felipe de Sousa Santos, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil/ Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo

    Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu

     

  • Silmara de Lira Ribeiro, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil

    Laboratório de Delineamento de Estudos e Escrita Científica

  • Jéssica Miwa Takasu, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil

    Laboratório de Delineamento de Estudos e Escrita Científica

  • Juliana Spat Carlesso, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil

    Laboratório de Delineamento de Estudos e Escrita Científica

  • Marcelo Ferraz Campos, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil

    Laboratório de Delineamento de Estudos e Escrita Científica

  • Luiz Carlos de Abreu, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil

    Laboratório de Delineamento de Estudos e Escrita Científica

References

1. Anjos KC, Evangelista MRB, Silva, JS, Zumiott AV. Paciente vítima de violência no trânsito: análise do perfil socioeconômico, características do acidente e intervenção do Serviço Social na emergência. Acta Ortop Bras. 2007;15(5):262-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-78522007000500006

2. Alves ACBB, Oliveira AS, Pedro JB, Mamlak L, Oliveira LS, Mendonça LO, et al. A nova lei seca: mudanças ocasionadas pela antiga e nova lei no código de trânsito brasileiro. Cad Grad Ciênc Hum Sociais. 2014;2(2):137-46.

3. Kanchan T, Kulkarni V, Bakkannavar SM, Kumar N, Unnikrishnan B. Analysis of fatal road traffic accidents in a coastal township of South India. J Forensic Leg Med. 2012;19(8):448-51. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2012.02.031

4. Malta DC, Andrade SSCA, Gomes N, Silva MMA, Morais Neto OL, Reis AAC, et al. Injuries from traffic accidents and use of protection equipment in the Brazilian population, according to a population-based study. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2016; 21(2):399-410. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015212.23742015

5. Organização mundial de saúde (OMS). Mais de 270 mil pedestres morrem a cada ano em acidentes, diz OMS. [cited 2018 Aug 22] Available from: http://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2013/05/mais-de-270000-pedetres-morrem-a-cada-ano-em-acidentes-oms.html

6. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. DATASUS: Departamento de Informática do SUS. [cited 2018 Aug 22] Available from: http://datasus.saude.gov.br/

7. Lima TL, Souza MES, Barbosa XC, Souza Junior M.S. Violência no trânsito uma abordagem da problemática na cidade de Porto Velho. Zona Impacto. 2015;17(1):97-112.

8. Mesquita GV, Oliveira FAFV, Santos AMR, Tapety FI, Martins MCC, Carvalho CMRS. Análise dos custos hospitalares em um serviço de emergência. Rev Texto Contexto Enferm. 2009;18(2):273-9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072009000200010

9. Antunes JLF, Cardoso MRA. Uso da análise de séries temporais em estudos epidemiológicos. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2015;24(3):565-76. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742015000300024

10. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística do Brasil (IBGE). Censo 2010. [cited 2018 Aug 22] Available from: https://censo2010.ibge.gov.br/

11. White A, McKee M, Sousa B, Visser R, Hogston R, Madsen SA, et al. An examination of the association between premature mortality and life expectancy among men in Europe. Eur J Public Health. 2013;24(4):673-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckt076

12. Peden M. Global collaboration on road traffic injury prevention. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2005;12(2):85-91. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15660970500086130

13. Quitian-Reyes H, Gómez-Restrepo C, Gómez MJ, Naranjo S, Heredia P, Villegas J. Latin American Clinical Epidemiology Network series-paper 5: years of life lost due to premature death in traffic accidents in Bogota, Colombia. J Clin Epidemiol. 2017;86:101-5. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.04.017

14. Cervantes-Trejo A, Leenen I, Fabila-Carrasco JS, Rojas-Vargas R. Trends in traffic fatalities in Mexico: examining progress on the decade of action for road safety. Int J Public Health. 2016;61(8):903-13. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-016-0867-z

15. Xie SH, Wu YS, Liu XJ, Fu YB, Li SS, Ma HW, et al. Mortality from road traffic accidents in a rapidly urbanizing Chinese city: a 20-year analysis in Shenzhen, 1994-2013. Traffic Inj Prev. 2016;17(1):39-43. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2015.1035370

16. Pinto CS, Cunha MM. Educação para o trânsito: a violência no trânsito trabalhada no contexto escolar. Rev Even Pedagóg. 2013;4(1):63-71. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30681/2236-3165

17. Almeida APB, Lima MLC, Oliveira Júnior FJM, Abath MB, Lima MLLT. Anos potenciais de vida perdidos por acidentes de transitono Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, em 2007. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2013;22(2):235-42. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742013000200005

18. Duarte EC, Duarte E, Sousa MC, Tauil PL, Monteiro RA. Mortalidade por acidentes de transito e homicídios em homens jovens das capitais das Regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste do Brasil, 1980-2005. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2008;17(1):7-20. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742008000100002

19. Morais Neto OL, Montenegro MMS, Monteiro RA, Siqueira Júnior JB, Silva MMA, Lima CM, et al. Mortalidade por acidentes de transito no Brasil na última década: tendência e aglomerados de risco. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2012;17(9): 2223-36. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232012000900002

20. Batista FS, Silveira LO, Castillo JJAQ, Pontes JE, Villalobos LDC. Epidemiological profile of extremity fractures in victims of motorcycle accidents. Acta Ortop Bras. 2015;23(1):43-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-78522015230100998

21. Moura EC, Gomes R, Falcão MTC, Schwarz E, Neves ACM, Santos W. Desigualdades de gênero na mortalidade por causas externas no Brasil, 2010. Rev Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2015;20(3):779-788. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015203.11172014

22. Soriano EP, Carvalho MVD, Montenegro JB, Campello RIC, Almeida AC, Lins Filho JDL, et al. Violência no trânsito: uma década de vidas perdidas em acidentes motociclísticos no Brasil. [cited 2018 Aug 22] Available from: www.derechoycambiosocial.com

23. Yousefzadeh-Chabok S, Ranjbar-Taklimie F, Malekpouri R, Razzaghi A. A Time Series Model for Assessing the Trend and Forecasting the Road Traffic Accident Mortality. Arch Trauma Res. 2016;5(3):e36570. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/atr.36570

24. Sango HA, Testa J, Meda N, Contrand B, Traoré MS, Staccini P, et al. Mortality and morbidity of urban road traffic crashes in Africa: capture-recapture estimates in Bamako, Mali, 2012. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0149070. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149070

25. Ngo Ad, Rao C, Hoa NP, Hoy DG, Trang KTQ, Hill PS. Road traffic related mortality in Vietnam: Evidence for policy from a national sample mortality surveillance system. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:561. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-561

26. Andrade SM, Soares DA, Matsuo T, Liberatti CLB, Iwakura MLH. Road injury-related mortality in a medium-sized Brazilian city after some preventive interventions. Traffic Inj Prev. 2008;9(5):450-5. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389580802272831

27. World Health Organization (WHO). Global status report on road safety 2013: supporting a decade of action. Geneva: WHO, 2013.

28. Souza MFM, Malta DC, Conceição GMS, Silva MMA, Gazal-Carvalho C, Morais Neto OL. Análise descritiva e de tendência de acidentes de transito para políticas sociais no Brasil. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2007;16(1):33-44. https://dx.doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742007000100004

29. Reichenheim ME, Souza ER, Moraes CL, Jorge MHPM, Silva CMFP, Minayo MCS. Violence and injuries in Brazil: the effect, progress made, and challenges ahead. Lancet. 2011;377(9781):1962-75. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(11)60053-6

30. Yannis G, Papadimitriou E, Folla K. Effect of GDP changes on road traffic fatalities. Saf Sci. 2014;63:42-9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.10.017

31. Enu P. Road traffic accidents and macroeconomic conditions in Ghana. Soc Basic Sci Res Rev. 2014;2(9):374-93.

32. Silva CRL, Kilsztajn S. Acidentes de trânsito, frota de veículos e nível de atividade econômica. Rev Econ Contemp. 2003;7(1):147-59.

33. Kume L. É possível reduzir as mortes no trânsito? O efeito do novo Código Brasileiro de Trânsito. [cited 2018 Aug 22] Available from: https://cps.fgv.br/e-possivel-reduzir-mortes-no-transito-o-efeito-do-novocodigo-brasileiro-de-transito.

34. Oliveira NLB, Sousa RMC. Ocorrências de trânsito com motocicleta e sua relação com a mortalidade. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2011;19(2):403-10. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692011000200024

35. Malta DC, Berna RTI, Silva MMA, Claro RM, Silva Júnior JB, Reis AAC. Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e direção de veículos, balanço da lei seca, Brasil 2007 a 2013. Rev Saúde Pública. 2014;48(4):692-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2014048005633

36. World Health Organization (WHO). Declaração política do Rio sobre Determinantes Sociais da Saúde. [cited 2018 Aug 22] Available from: http://www.who.int/sdhconference/declaration/Rio_political_declaration_ portuguese.pdf

37. Bezerra IMP, Sorpreso ICE. Concepts and movements in health promotion to guide educational practices. J Hum Growth Dev. 2016;26(1):11-16. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.113709

38. Grupo Técnico de Prevenção de Acidentes e violências. Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica “Prof. Alexandre Vranjac”. Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças. Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo. O impacto dos acidentes e violências nos gastos da saúde. Rev Saúde Pública. 2006;40(3):553-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102006000300028

39. Silva MMA, Mascarenhas MDM, Lima CM, Malta DC, Monteiro RA, Freitas MG, et al. Perfil do inquérito de violências e acidentes em serviços sentinela de urgência e emergência. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2017;26(1):183-94. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742017000100019

40. Duim E, Lebrão ML, Antunes JLF. Walking speed of older people and pedestrian crossing time. J Transport Health. 2017;5:70-6. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.02.001

41. Adami F, Figueiredo FWS ,Paiva LS, Sá TH, Santos EFS, Martins BL, et al. Mortality and Incidence of Hospital Admissions for Stroke among Brazilians Aged 15 to 49 Years between 2008 and 2012. Plos One. 2016;11(6): e0152739. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152739

42. Feitosa AC, Santos EFS, Ramos JLS, Bezerra IMP, Nascimento VG, Macedo CC, et al. Factors associated with infant mortality in the metropolitan region of Cariri, Ceará, Brazil. J Hum Growth Dev. 2015;25(2):224-29. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.7322/JHGD.103019

43. Freitas AG, Lima DG, Bortolini MJS, Meneguetti DUO, Santos EFS, Silva RPM. Comparison of the nutritional status in children aged 5 to 10 years old on the Conditional Cash Transfer Programme in the States of Acre and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. J Hum Growth Dev. 2017;27(1):35-41. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.127647

44. Zangirolami-Raimundo J, Echeimberg JO, Leone C. Research methodology topics: Crosssectional studies. J Hum Growth Dev. 2018;28(3):356-60. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.152198

Published

2019-05-06

Issue

Section

Artigos Originais