A construção da nação na América Latina, um processo interrompido: bloqueios internos e externos

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the nation’s construction projects and the attempts to overcome underdevelopment in Latin America in the face of the challenges posed by the transformations in the world economy in the period 1970-2010, presenting the internal and external blocks. The objectives are: (i) to study the Latin American dependent insertion as an exemplary case of International Relations as frontier science; (ii) to understand the reasons for the difficulties of building the nation and overcoming underdevelopment in Latin America, especially since the 1970s, given the transformations of the world economy under US hegemony and the maintenance of internal structures of dependency; iii) to show that Celso Furtado’s thinking, the Marxist Dependency Theory (TMD), and the political economy of the world-system are valid tools for explaining these difficulties by placing the role of US hegemony as fundamental to understand what happens in Latin America in this period; iv) to show from the work of Ruy Mauro Marini, the limits of Latin American bourgeoisie on the consolidation of the nation. The working hypothesis is that the construction projects of the nation in Latin America are increasingly difficult to achieve, given the successive coup d’état and the transformations of the world economy under US command, and the deepening of the dependent character of the regional bourgeoisie.