Proposal of environmental critical thresholds for use in landslides warnings system

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/rdg.v40i0.165390

Keywords:

In situ monitoring, Environment sensors, Risk areas, PPDC

Abstract

Environmental sensors were used to monitor urban slopes representative of landslide risk areas in three municipalities of the São Paulo State (Ubatuba, Campos do Jordão and São José dos Campos), where rainfall gauges and soil moisture sensors were installed along profiles up to 3.0 meters deep. The sensors were read automatically at 10 minute intervals; whereas automatic data transmission via GPRS / GSM (cellular) technology was done at pre-programmed intervals of 4 hours. The occurrence of several landslides in the three municipalities during the registration of environmental data allowed proposing critical operational thresholds to be used at landslide warning systems. Among the monitored environmental parameters, it was found that both rainfall (24h and 72h accumulated intensity) and soil moisture content play a fundamental role in the triggering of landslides on urban slopes. The intensity of hourly rainfall, accumulated rainfall of 24 or 72 hours and the significant increase of soil moisture content up to 3.0 meters deep were the main environmental parameters associated with the occurrence of landslides recorded in the studied areas. Another relevant aspect of the research is the possibility of using the critical thresholds in different situations in landslide alert systems, that is, they can be used for entrance or return a certain operational level used by Preventive Civil Defense Plan – PPDC operated in the São Paulo State (“observation” for “attention” and vice-versa, for example).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

AHRENDT, A.; ZUQUETTE, L.V.; Triggering factors of landslides in Campos do Jordão city, Brazil, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment.v.62, 231-244, 2003. DOI: 10.1007/s10064-003-0191-8

ANGELI, M.G.; PASUTO, A.; SILVANO, S.A.; Critical review of landslide monitoring experiences. Engineering Geology. v.55, 133–147, 2000. DOI: 10.1016/S0013-7952(99)00122-2

ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS (ABNT). Grãos de solo que passam na peneira de 4,8mm – Determinação da massa específica, NBR-6508. Rio de Janeiro, 8p, 1984.

ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS (ABNT). Solo – Análise granulométrica, NBR-7181. Rio de Janeiro, 13p, 1984.

ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS (ABNT). Solo – Determinação do limite de liquidez, NBR 6459. Rio de Janeiro, 6p, 1984.

ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS (ABNT). Solo – Determinação do limite de plasticidade, NBR 7180. Rio de Janeiro, 3p, 1984.

BROLLO, M.J., TOMINAGA, L.K. Desastres naturais e riscos geológicos no estado de São Paulo: cenário de referência – 2012. São Paulo: Coordenadoria Estadual de Defesa Civil; 2012.

CEDEC-COORDENADORIA ESTADUAL DE DEFESA CIVIL. Notícias e Operação Verão, 2013. Disponível em: <http://www.defesacivil.sp.gov.br/v2010/portal_defesacivil/index.asp>.

CHAVÉZ, J.A.; LANDAVERDE, J.; LANDAVERDE, R.L.; TEJNECKY, V.; Monitoring and behavior of unsaturated volcanic pyroclastic in the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador, El Salvador. SpringerPlus. 5:536, 2016, DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2149-x

FISCH, G.; VENDRAME, I.F.; HANAOKA, P.C.M.; Variabilidade espacial da chuva durante o experimento LBA/TRMM 1999 na Amazônia. Acta Amazonica. v.37, 583-590, 2007. DOI: 10.1590/S0044-59672007000400013

IG-INSTITUTO GEOLÓGICO. Mapeamento de riscos associados a escorregamentos, inundações, erosão e solapamento de margens de drenagens – município de Campos do Jordão, 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.defesacivil.sp.gov.br/instrumentos-de-identificacao-de-riscos/>.

KÖNIG, T.; KUX, H.J.H.; MENDES, R.M.; Shalstab mathematical model and WorldView-2 satellite images to identification of landslide-susceptible areas. Natural Hazards. v.97, 1127-1149, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s11069-019-03691-4

LEUNG, A.K.; SUN, H.W.; MILLIS, S.W.; PAPPIN, J.W.; NG, C.W.W.; WONG, H.N.; Field monitoring of an unsaturated saprolitic hillslope. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. v.48, 339-353, 2011. DOI: 10.1139/T10-069

LI, A.G.; YUE, Z.Q.; THAM, L.G.; LEE, C.F.; LAW, K.T.; Field-monitored variations of soil moisture and matric suction in a saprolite slope. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. v.42, 13-26, 2005. DOI: 10.1139/t04-069

MENDES, R.M.; DE ANDRADE, M.R.M.; GRAMINHA, C.A.; PRIETO, C.C.; DE ÁVILA, F.F.; CAMARINHA, P.I.M.; Stability Analysis on Urban Slopes: Case Study of an Anthropogenic-Induced Landslide in São José dos Campos, Brazil. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. v.36, 599-610, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/s10706-017-0303-z

MENDES, R.M.; DE ANDRADE, M.R.M.; TOMASELLA, J.; DE MORAES, M.A.E.; SCOFIELD, G.B.; Understanding shallow landslides in Campos do Jordão municipality (Brazil): disentangling the anthropic effects from natural causes in the disaster of 2000. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. v.18, 15-30, 2018. DOI: 10.5194/nhess-18-15-2018

MENDES, R.M.; VALERIO FILHO, M.; Real-Time monitoring of climactic and geotechnical variables during landslides on the slopes of Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira (Sao Paulo State, Brazil). Engineering. v.7, 140-159, 2015. DOI: 10.4236/eng.2015.73012

PIRONE, M.; PAPA, R.; NICOTERA, M.V.; URCIUOLI, G.; In situ monitoring of the groundwater field in an unsaturated pyroclastic slope for slope stability evaluation. Landslides. v.12, 259–276, 2015. DOI: 10.1007/s10346-014-0483-z

PMSJC – PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE SÃO JOSÉ DOS CAMPOS. Mapeamento das áreas de riscos associados a escorregamentos de encostas no município de São José dos Campos-SP, 2014. Disponível em: <http://planodiretor.sjc.sp.gov.br/resources/uploads/Link/Arquivo/2016_AreasRisco.pdf>.

SANTORO, J.; MENDES, R.M.; PRESSINOTTI, M.M.N.; MANOEL, G.R. Correlação entre chuvas e deslizamentos ocorridos durante a operação do Plano Preventivo de Defesa Civil em São Paulo, SP. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE CARTOGRAFIA GEOTÉCNICA E GEOAMBIENTAL, 7.; 2010, Maringá. Anais... Maringá: ABGE, 2010. p. 1-15.

TATIZANA, C.; OGURA, A.T.; CERRI, L.E.S.; ROCHA, M.C.M. Análise da correlação entre chuvas e deslizamentos na Serra do Mar, município de Cubatão. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE GEOLOGIA DE ENGENHARIA, 5.; 1987, São Paulo. Anais... São Paulo: ABGE, 1987. p. 225-236.

TOLL, D.G.; LOURENÇO, S.D.N.; MENDES, J.; GALLIPOLI, D.; EVANS, F.D.; AUGARDE, C.E.; CUI, Y.J.; TANG, A.M.; ROJAS, J.C.; PAGANO, L.; MANCUSO, C.; ZINGARIELLO, C.; TARANTINO, A.; Soil suction monitoring for landslides and slopes. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology. v.44, 23–33, 2010. DOI: 10.1144/1470-9236/09-010

VARGAS, M.; Revisão histórico-conceitual dos deslizamentos da Serra do Mar. Solos e Rochas: revista latino-americana de geotecnia, v.22, 53-83, 1999.

WOLLE, C.M.; CARVALHO, C.S.; Deslizamentos em encostas na Serra do Mar (Brasil). Revista Solos e Rochas: revista latino-americana de geotecnia. v.12, 27-36, 1989.

ZHAN, T.L.T.; NG, C.W.W.; FREDLUND, D.G.; Field study of rainfall infiltration into a grassed unsaturated expansive soil slope. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. v.44, 392-408, 2007. DOI: 10.1139/T07-001

Published

2020-12-24

Issue

Section

Artigos

How to Cite

Mendes, R. M. ., Valerio Filho, M. ., Santoro, J., Faria, D. G.-M., & Portela, V. D. A. (2020). Proposal of environmental critical thresholds for use in landslides warnings system. Revista Do Departamento De Geografia, 40, 61-77. https://doi.org/10.11606/rdg.v40i0.165390

Funding data