Imitations et contrefaçons archéologiques en Turquie
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2021.173939Mots-clés :
Falsifications archéologiques, Répliques, Turquie, Musées turcsRésumé
Au cours des cinq dernières années, le sujet jusqu'alors peu visible de la «contrefaçon archéologique» est devenu un débat public d'actualité en Turquie. Avant cela, les gens étaient conscients du problème, mais ils ne trouvaient pas leur chemin dans la recherche scientifique. Il y aura probablement encore un long chemin à parcourir avant que les archéologues turcs abordent ce sujet d'un point de vue scientifique et l'acceptent comme un domaine de travail important. Bien que la Turquie soit un pays principal pour les productions originales et contrefaites, on ne sait guère quels objets seront des contrefaçons ultérieures, quels matériaux ont été contrefaits, pourquoi et par qui.
Le nombre de contrefaçons d'objets exposés dans les musées locaux est susceptible d'être particulièrement élevé, y compris de nombreuses lampes, pièces de monnaie, objets métalliques (en particulier en argent) et pierres précieuses. Sur les marchés internationaux, plusieurs types ont été contrefaits en Turquie. Il est particulièrement difficile de faire la distinction entre les originaux et les contrefaçons dans le cas des pièces de monnaie. Au cours des dix dernières années, il y a eu plusieurs scandales de contrefaçon dans les musées turcs: le dernier était le scandale concernant les broches dorées de Lydian du soi-disant trésor de Kroisos du musée d'Uşak, qui a finalement émergé en Allemagne. Il y a deux explications à ces tromperies: soit les autorités muséales n'en savent rien, soit il y a d'autres raisons pour lesquelles elles sont présentées comme de véritables expositions. Dans cet article, des discussions sur l'authenticité sont présentées en Turquie, à la fois du point de vue des experts et du point de vue de la science populaire.
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(c) Copyright Ergün Lafli, Maurizio Buora 2021
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