Stress during the covid-19 pandemic: unusual challenges for university professors

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.rmrp.2023.208086

Palabras clave:

Salud mental, COVID-19, Estrés Psicológico, Calidad de Vida, Docentes

Resumen

Objective: Investigate the factors related to the stress levels triggered during the COVID-19 pandemic and the quality of life (QOL) of university professors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 318 professors from private and public higher education institutions in Maranhão, Brazil. Data collection included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian versions of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Abbreviated World Health Organization
QOL Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-bref). Statistical analyses were performed with Student’s T-test and Analysis of Variance with Duncan’s post-hoc. Results: according to the results of the professor score assessment, perceived stress levels were classified as normal (n = 166, 52.2%), moderate (n = 126, 39.6%), and high (n = 26, 8, 2%), with an average of 26.6 (± 10.5). QOL had an overall average of 56.4 (± 13.0). Among the QOL domains, the physical had the highest mean with 66.1 (± 17.7), while the lowest mean was in the social domain with 55.8 (± 14.8). Conclusion: The factors that influenced the stress levels were being female with age between 31 and 40
years old, those who had a child, and those who did not perform a frequent religious practice.

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Maria Neyrian de Fatima Fernandes, Federal University of Maranhão, Nursing Department, Imperatriz, (MA), Brazil

    Nursing Department

  • Floriacy Stabnow Santos, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, (MA), Brazil

    Graduate Program in Healthcare and Technology

  • Ana Cristina Pereira de Jesus Costa, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, (MA), Brazil

    Natural Sciences Department

  • Marcelino Santos Neto, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, (MA), Brazil

    Nursing Department

  • Roberta de Araújo e Silva, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, (MA), Brazil

    Nursing Department

  • Leonardo Hunaldo dos Santos, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, (MA), Brazil

    Nursing Department

Referencias

Bao L, Deng W, Huang B, Gao H, Liu J, Ren L, et al. The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice. Nature. 2020;583(7818):830–3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2312-y

Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence . Vol., The Lancet. 2020; 395:912–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8

Onyeaka HK, Zahid S, Patel RS. The Unaddressed Behavioral Health Aspect During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Cureus. 2020;12(3):2019. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7351

Ponce D. The impact of coronavirus in Brazil: politics and the pandemic. Nature Reviews Nephrology. Nature Research; 2020;16 483. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-0327-0

Pandya A, Lodha P. Social Connectedness, Excessive Screen Time During COVID-19 and Mental Health: A Review of Current Evidence. Front Hum Dyn. 2021 Jul 22;3:45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.684137

Harper A, Power M, Orley J, Herrman H, Schofield H, Murphy B, et al. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life Assessment. Psychol Med. 1998;28(3):551–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291798006667

Aperribai L, Cortabarria L, Aguirre T, Verche E, Borges Á. Teacher’s Physical Activity and Mental Health During Lockdown Due to the COVID-2019 Pandemic. Front Psychol. 2020;11:577886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577886

Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Berasategi Santxo N, Idoiaga Mondragon N, Dosil Santamaría M. The Psychological State of Teachers During the COVID-19 Crisis: The Challenge of Returning to Face-to-Face Teaching. Front. Psychol. 2021;11:620718. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.620718

Soares MB, Mafra SCT, Faria ER de. Fatores associados à percepção de estresse em docentes universitários em uma instituição pública federal. Rev Bras Med do Trab. 2019;17(1):90–8. DOI: 10.5327/Z1679443520190280

Amaral-Prado HM, Borghi F, Mello TMVF, Grassi-Kassisse DM. The impact of confinement in the psychosocial behaviour due COVID-19 among members of a Brazilian university. Int J Soc Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 19]; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020971318

Seo EJ, Ahn JA, Hayman LL, Kim CJ. The Association Between Perceived Stress and Quality of Life in University Students: The Parallel Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms and Health-Promoting Behaviors. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2018;12(3):190–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2018.08.001

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica - IBGE. Regional Accounts: only Sergipe records a drop in GDP in 2018 [Internet]. Agência de Notícias | IBGE. 2020 [cited 2021 Apr 27]. Available from: https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/en/agencia-press-room/2185-news-agency/releases-en/29448-regional-accounts-only-sergipe-records-a-drop-in-gdp-in-2018

Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento - PNUD. Radar IDHM : evolução do IDHM e de seus índices componentes no período de 2012 a 2017 [Internet]. Radar IDHM : evolução do IDHM e de seus índices componentes no período de 2012 a 2017. 2019 [cited 2021 Apr 27]. 72 p. Available from: https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34682

Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaria M, Picaza-Gorrochategui M, Idoiaga-Mondragon N. Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cad Saude Publica. 2020;36(4):e00054020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00054020

Oliveira BLCA. Loss of Employment and Reduction of Income during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Maranhão State, Brazil. In: Anxiety, Uncertainty, and Resilience During the Pandemic Period - Anthropological and Psychological Perspectives [Working Title] [Internet]. IntechOpen; 2021 [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/loss-of-employment-and-reduction-of-income-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-the-maranh-o-state-brazil

Luft CDB, Sanches S de O, Mazo GZ, Andrade A. Versão Brasileira da Escala de Estresse Percebido: Tradução e validação para idosos. Rev Saude Publica [Internet]. 2007 Aug [cited 2020 Apr 8];41(4):606–15. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-89102007000400015

Fleck MPA, Leal OF, Louzada S, Xavier M, Chachamovich E, Vieira G, et al. Desenvolvimento da versão em português do instrumento de avaliação de qualidade de vida da OMS (WHOQOL-100). Rev Bras Psiquiatr [Internet]. 1999 Mar [cited 2020 Apr 8];21(1):19–28. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1516-44461999000100006&script=sci_abstract&tlng=pt

Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav [Internet]. 1983 [cited 2020 May 22];24(4):385–96. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2136404

Tamres LK, Janicki D, Helgeson VS. Sex Differences in Coping Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review and an Examination of Relative Coping [Internet]. Vol. 6, Personality and Social Psychology Review. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.; 2002;2–30. DOI: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0601_1

Torales J, Ríos-González C, Barrios I, O’Higgins M, González I, García O, et al. Self-Perceived Stress During the Quarantine of COVID-19 Pandemic in Paraguay: An Exploratory Survey. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:558691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.558691

Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, et al. Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112921.

Naser AY, Dahmash EZ, Al-Rousan R, Alwafi H, Alrawashdeh HM, Ghoul I, et al. Mental health status of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak in Jordan: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav. 2020;10(8). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1730

Kuehner C. Why is depression more common among women than among men? The Lancet Psychiatry. 2017;4(2):146–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30263-2

Burk BN, Pechenik Mausolf A, Oakleaf L. Pandemic Motherhood and the Academy: A Critical Examination of the Leisure-Work Dichotomy. Leis Sci. 2020; 43:1-2, 225-231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1774006

Flesia L, Monaro M, Mazza C, Fietta V, Colicino E, Segatto B, et al. Predicting Perceived Stress Related to the Covid-19 Outbreak through Stable Psychological Traits and Machine Learning Models. J Clin Med. 2020;9(10):3350. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103350

Hawryluck L, Gold WL, Robinson S, Pogorski S, Galea S, Styra R. SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2020 Jul 3];10(7):1206–12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3323345/?report=reader

Taylor MR, Agho KE, Stevens GJ, Raphael B. Factors influencing psychological distress during a disease epidemic: Data from Australia’s first outbreak of equine influenza. BMC Public Health. 2008;8(1):347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-347

Akerman M, Mendes R, Lima S, Guerra HL, Silva RA, Sacardo DP, et al. Religion as a protective factor for health. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2020;18:eED5562. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ED5562

Papaleontiou - Louca E. Effects of Religion and Faith on Mental Health. New Ideas Psychol. 2021;60:100833. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2020.100833

Burlacu A, Mavrichi I, Crisan-Dabija R, Jugrin D, Buju S, Artene B, et al. “Celebrating old age”: an obsolete expression during the COVID-19 pandemic? Medical, social, psychological, and religious consequences of home isolation and loneliness among the elderly. Arch Med Sci. 2021;17(2):285–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2020.95955

Rapanta C, Botturi L, Goodyear P, Guàrdia L, Koole M. Online University Teaching During and After the Covid-19 Crisis: Refocusing Teacher Presence and Learning Activity. Postdigital Sci Educ. 2020;2(3):923–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00155-y

DIEESE. Ocupados em home office - Brasil e Unidades da Federação [Internet]. São Paulo; 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 9]. Available from: https://www.dieese.org.br/outraspublicacoes/2020/homeOfficeBrasilRegioes.html

Mohmmed AO, Khidhir BA, Nazeer A, Vijayan VJ. Emergency remote teaching during Coronavirus pandemic: the current trend and future directive at Middle East College Oman. Innov Infrastruct Solut. 2020;5(3):72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-020-00326-7

Molino M, Ingusci E, Signore F, Manuti A, Giancaspro ML, Russo V, et al. Wellbeing costs of technology use during Covid-19 remote working: An investigation using the Italian translation of the technostress creators scale. Sustain [. 2020;12(15):5911. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155911

Ayyagari R, Grover V, Purvis R. Technostress: Technological antecedents and implications. MIS Q Manag Inf Syst. 2011;35(4):831–58.

Xiaochun D, Jiameng L, Jianyun B, Zhongquan L, Penghui Z, Lu G, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Tianjin. Chinese J Endem. 2020;41(5):638–41. DOI: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32164400/

Shi L, Lu ZA, Que JY, Huang XL, Liu L, Ran MS, et al. Prevalence of and Risk Factors Associated With Mental Health Symptoms Among the General Population in China During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. JAMA Netw open. 2020;3(7):e2014053. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14053

Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M, et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Health. 2020;16(1):57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w

Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020 Dec 1;277:55–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001

Wang X, Lei SM, Le S, Yang Y, Zhang B, Yao W, et al. Bidirectional influence of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on health behaviors and quality of life among chinese adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 1;17(15):1–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155575

Mattei L, Heinen VL. Impacts of the covid-19 crisis on the brazilian labor market. Brazilian J Polit Econ. 2020;40(4):647–68. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572020-3200

Descargas

Publicado

2023-12-18

Número

Sección

Artigo Original

Cómo citar

1.
Fernandes MN de F, Santos FS, Costa ACP de J, Santos Neto M, Silva R de A e, Santos LH dos. Stress during the covid-19 pandemic: unusual challenges for university professors. Medicina (Ribeirão Preto) [Internet]. 2023 Dec. 18 [cited 2024 May 15];56(4):e-208086. Available from: https://www.journals.usp.br/rmrp/article/view/208086