The Black Question in the Modern World

Abstract

The objective of this article is an analysis of the Black Question in modern history. The radical understanding of this question demands a clear apprehension of the changes of the modern capitalism. The way of capitalist production prioritizes the men and the races in accordance with its intellectual talents and its contributions or techniques to the economy. To legitimize the slavery, the capitalism uses the argument of the “congenital inferiority” of the Black. This argument reappears each time that the capitalism tries to speed up the accumulation process or to surpass a systemic crisis. It is what you happen during the last few years, although the fact of that the national fights of release and African independences had obtained to affirm the humanity of the Blacks and the historicity of the African societies. The movements of reform or social revolution in Africa had appeared as carrying of an ideal of qualitative transformation of the Black Condition on behalf of the retaken one of the historical initiative. This implied the requirement of rupture and exit of the Empire. But the movement’s conservatives as the Negritude and After-colonialism had faced the destination of the Black in the Empire. This article tries to clarify the terms of the confrontation that involves the gnosiological levels (former.: the question of the reason or the intuition related to the black mind); methodological (former.: the question of the hermeneutics of the Real); epistemological (former.: the question of history, geography and the ethnologic); ontological (former.: the question of the flexibility or not of the being); cultural (former.: the question of the mestization); politicians (former.: the question of the adjustment or resistance to the order of the world).