Promessa e desafios do desenvolvimento
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-20702007000100012Mots-clés :
Aprimoramento industrial, China, México, Indústria do vestuário, "Cidades-cadeias-de-suprimento"Résumé
A economia global tem mudado rapidamente. China, Índia e México representam casos particularmente interessantes por seus distintos modelos de desenvolvimento. O processo de consolidação global ampliou-se na década passada na esteira do rápido crescimento da China nos setores de manufatura para exportação e da entrada em cena da Índia na exportação de serviços no ramo da tecnologia de informação. A indústria do vestuário também ilustra tal tendência à consolidação, dadas as mudanças na regulação internacional com a gradual retração, a partir de 2005, do sistema de quotas estabelecido pelo Acordo Multifibras. As trajetórias de aprimoramento industrial manifestadas pela China e México são comparadas neste texto; com base em dados do comércio internacional, faz-se uma análise mais detida da composição das suas exportações destinadas ao mercado norte-americano no que respeita a ramos e produtos-chave. A experiência chinesa das chamadas "cidades-cadeias-de-suprimento" é também analisada; trata-se de uma nova forma de organização econômica, voltada a integrar geograficamente a produção para exportação e outros segmentos de alto valor agregado das cadeias globais de valor.
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